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Females become sexually mature at about 3-4 years, with males maturing slightly later. They are largely solitary animals with loosely defined territories. They are predominantly browsers, feeding on shoots, twigs, young foliage and fallen fruit, although it can also graze on various species of grass. The Javan Rhino inhabit dense lowland rainforests with a good supply of water, plentiful mud wallows, salt licks, and tall grass and reed beds. The Indonesian subspecies if found in the Ujung Kulon National Park in Java, while the Vietnamese subspecies is restricted to a small population at Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam. NE Not Evaluated DD Data Deficient LC Least Concern NT Near Threatened VU Vulnerable EN Endangered CR Critically Endangered EW Extinct in the Wild EX Extinct Distributionįormerly widespread in south-east Asia, they are now confined to two widely separate locations. The Javan rhino is typically arbivorous, feeding on leaves, shoots and saplings. The last remaining wild population is found only in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Banten, Indonesia, where the conservation of its habitat is a crucial management priority. Although these populations are now protected in national parks, they remain at risk from poaching, and the small population sizes mean that they are extremely vulnerable to disease and natural disasters. The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is the rarest species of rhino. Rhinos, along with equids and tapirs, are the only surviving members of an ancient and formerly diverse group of ungulates, which originated around 50 million years ago. There are only two other species in the Rhinoceros genus, which the Javan rhino is a part of – and only five extant species in the Rhinoceros family. They may only exist in one isolated population in the Ujung Kulon National Park in Java east of Jakarta. This combined with degraded and lost habitat, has left the Javan rhino Critically Endangered with less than 100 individuals left in the wild. Now that you know what the main threats to rhinos are, in the next sections we will develop the five rhinoceros species that exist today and mention their conservation status.The Javan rhino is one of two rhino species to only have one horn.Īs with all five existing species of rhino, the largest threat they face is poaching to fuel the international rhino horn trade. Although rhinos are highly resilient and easily adapt to new environments, the consequences of climate change are somewhat uncertain and the small portions of rhino habitat that remain will undoubtedly be modified. Diseases also put rhinos at risk. Specifically, those diseases transmitted by domestic livestock that live close to rhinoceros populations, such as the java rhinoceros, which we will talk about in the next section. Deforestation, the advance of the agricultural frontier, and urban development contribute to the loss and fragmentation of rhino habitat. In this way, the populations are isolated from each other, since there are no corridors that allow them to move. This increases the vulnerability of rhinos since they are exposed to poachers, possible run over by the young and also hinders their reproduction. To have more information about this problem you can read this other article on Destruction of the environment and habitat: causes and consequences.
#JAVA RHINOCEROS HOW TO#
Here you can read about the Causes and consequences of poaching animals and How to avoid poaching animals. In some types of alternative medicine, the belief that the horn that rhinos possess is capable of curing diseases is strongly rooted, it is worth clarifying that this is not scientifically proven. In addition, its horn is highly sought after for use as an ornament. For both reasons, the hunting of rhinos is very common, despite the fact that the trade in their horn has been prohibited since 1977.
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Next, we will tell you the reasons why rhinos are in danger of extinction.
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Although the existence of the rhino family dates back millions of years, and even long before the presence of humans, their existence today is in severe danger. In fact, the rhinoceros family, scientifically known as Rhinocerotidae, consisted of a considerable number of species, which today is reduced to only five species of rhinoceros in danger of extinction.